CANINE PARVOVIRUS
Canine Parvovirus is probably the single most devastating disease to attack the dog
population. In most cases the victim is a young non-vaccinated puppy, six months
of age or younger. But an unprotected dog can become infected and extremely ill.
Parvovirus is a virus which is very contagious in the dog population. The virus was
first discovered in the late 1970’s in the United Kingdom. It has since spread world-
wide reaching epidemic proportions. The virus is very stable in the environment,
able to withstand wide pH ranges and high temperatures. It is resistant to a number
of common disinfectants and may survive for several months in contaminated
areas. The virus causes severe damage to the lining of the gastrointestinal track of
the infected dogs. Mortality associated with canine parvovirus infection is variably
reported to be 16-48%.
The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infected dogs. Indirect transmission,
eg, from fecal-contaminated fomites, is also an important source of infection. The
virus is shed in the feces of infected dogs for up to 3 wk after infection. Recovered
dogs may serve as carriers and shed the virus periodically.
The clinical signs accompanying Parvovirus infection vary from undetectable to
severe and rapidly fatal. The infected dog is usually noticed as being lethargic the
evening before more overt clinical signs appear. Vomiting and bloody diarrhea are
the most common signs, which result in life-threatening dehydration.
The treatment of this devastating disease is mainly aimed at restoring the body’s
fluids, controlling the vomiting and diarrhea. Although there is no specific
treatment for viral infections, each dog is treated symptomatically, tailored to each
individual animals illness. Treatment can be prolonged in serious cases and may be
unrewarding.
Vaccination is critical in the control of this disease. Prevention of this deadly
disease is the key. A timely vaccination program is the only way to adequately
assume your dogs immunity against the disease. Keep in mind that one vaccination
will not protect a puppy. Vaccination of pups should begin at 5-8 wk of age, and the
last vaccination should be given at 16-20 wk of age. With annual vaccination
thereafter.
Parvovirus is an extremely serious threat to your dog. Prevention of this disease is
very effective as well as being cost efficient. The cost of intensive and prolonged
treatment is much greater than the cost of vaccinations. Especially if you’re dog dies.
More disease information to come
